Electrical switching of ferro-rotational order in nanometre-thick 1T-TaS2 crystals

Wadhawan, V. Introduction to Ferroic Materials 1st edn (CRC, 2000).

Cheong, S.-W., Talbayev, D., Kiryukhin, V. & Saxena, A. Broken symmetries, non-reciprocity, and multiferroicity. npj Quant. Mater. 3, 19 (2018).

Article  Google Scholar 

Van Aken, B. B., Rivera, J.-P., Schmid, H. & Fiebig, M. Observation of ferrotoroidic domains. Nature 449, 702–705 (2007).

Article  Google Scholar 

Spaldin, N. A., Fiebig, M. & Mostovoy, M. The toroidal moment in condensed-matter physics and its relation to the magnetoelectric effect. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20, 434203 (2008).

Article  Google Scholar 

Zimmermann, A. S., Meier, D. & Fiebig, M. Ferroic nature of magnetic toroidal order. Nat. Commun. 5, 4796 (2014).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hlinka, J., Privratska, J., Ondrejkovic, P. & Janovec, V. Symmetry guide to ferroaxial transitions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 177602 (2016).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fiebig, M. Order! order!! Nat. Phys. 16, 9–10 (2020).

Article  Google Scholar 

Gopalan, V. & Litvin, D. B. Rotation-reversal symmetries in crystals and handed structures. Nat. Mater. 10, 376–381 (2011).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Johnson, R. D. et al. Cu₃Nb₂O₈: a multiferroic with chiral coupling to the crystal structure. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 137205 (2011).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Johnson, R. D. et al. Giant improper ferroelectricity in the ferroaxial magnet CaMn₇O₁₂. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 067201 (2012).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jin, W. et al. Observation of a ferro-rotational order coupled with second-order nonlinear optical fields. Nat. Phys. 16, 42–46 (2020).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Luo, X. et al. Ultrafast modulations and detection of a ferro-rotational charge density wave using time-resolved electric quadrupole second harmonic generation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 126401 (2021).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hayashida, T. et al. Visualization of ferroaxial domains in an order–disorder type ferroaxial crystal. Nat. Commun. 11, 4582 (2020).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hayashida, T. et al. Phase transition and domain formation in ferroaxial crystals. Phys. Rev. Mater. 5, 124409 (2021).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cheong, S.-W., Lim, S., Du, K. & Huang, F.-T. Permutable SOS (symmetry operational similarity). npj Quant. Mater. 6, 58 (2021).

Article  Google Scholar 

Naumov, I. I., Bellaiche, L. & Fu, H. Unusual phase transitions in ferroelectric nanodisks and nanorods. Nature 432, 737–740 (2004).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Damodaran, A. R. et al. Phase coexistence and electric-field control of toroidal order in oxide superlattices. Nat. Mater. 16, 1003–1009 (2017).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fichera, B. T. et al. Second harmonic generation as a probe of broken mirror symmetry. Phys. Rev. B 101, 241106 (2020).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sipos, B. et al. From Mott state to superconductivity in 1T-TaS₂. Nat. Mater. 7, 960–965 (2008).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Stojchevska, L. et al. Ultrafast switching to a stable hidden quantum state in an electronic crystal. Science 344, 177–180 (2014).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yoshida, M. et al. Controlling charge-density-wave states in nano-thick crystals of 1T-TaS₂. Sci. Rep. 4, 7302 (2014).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yu, Y. et al. Gate-tunable phase transitions in thin flakes of 1T-TaS₂. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 270–276 (2015).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yoshida, M., Suzuki, R., Zhang, Y., Nakano, M. & Iwasa, Y. Memristive phase switching in two-dimensional 1T-TaS₂ crystals. Sci. Adv. 1, e1500606 (2015).

Article  Google Scholar 

Cho, D. et al. Nanoscale manipulation of the Mott insulating state coupled to charge order in 1T-TaS₂. Nat. Commun. 7, 10453 (2016).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ma, L. et al. A metallic mosaic phase and the origin of Mott-insulating state in 1T-TaS₂. Nat. Commun. 7, 10956 (2016).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Vaskivskyi, I. et al. Fast electronic resistance switching involving hidden charge density wave states. Nat. Commun. 7, 11442 (2016).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Qiao, S. et al. Mottness collapse in 1T-TaS_2−xSe_x transition-metal dichalcogenide: an interplay between localized and itinerant orbitals. Phys. Rev. X 7, 041054 (2017).

Google Scholar 

Fazekas, P. & Tosatti, E. Charge carrier localization in pure and doped 1T-TaS₂. Physica B+C 99, 183–187 (1980).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wilson, J., Salvo, F. D. & Mahajan, S. Charge-density waves and superlattices in the metallic layered transition metal dichalcogenides. Adv. Phys. 24, 117–201 (1975).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Thomson, R. E., Burk, B., Zettl, A. & Clarke, J. Scanning tunneling microscopy of the charge-density-wave structure in 1T-TaS₂. Phys. Rev. B 49, 16899–16916 (1994).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zong, A. et al. Ultrafast manipulation of mirror domain walls in a charge density wave. Sci. Adv. 4, eaau5501 (2018).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ishioka, J. et al. Chiral charge-density waves. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 176401 (2010).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Xu, S.-Y. et al. Spontaneous gyrotropic electronic order in a transition-metal dichalcogenide. Nature 578, 545–549 (2020).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jiang, Y.-X. et al. Unconventional chiral charge order in kagome superconductor KV₃Sb₅. Nat. Mater. 20, 1353–1357 (2021).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Sung, S. H. et al. Two-dimensional charge order stabilized in clean polytype heterostructures. Nat. Commun. 13, 413 (2022).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Yang, H. F. et al. Visualization of chiral electronic structure and anomalous optical response in a material with chiral charge density waves. Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 156401 (2022).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Song, X. et al. Atomic-scale visualization of chiral charge density wave superlattices and their reversible switching. Nat. Commun. 13, 1843 (2022).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wu, X. L. & Lieber, C. M. Hexagonal domain-like charge density wave phase of TaS₂ determined by scanning tunneling microscopy. Science 243, 1703–1705 (1989).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Spijkerman, A., de Boer, J. L., Meetsma, A., Wiegers, G. A. & van Smaalen, S. X-ray crystal-structure refinement of the nearly commensurate phase of 1T-TaS₂ in (3 + 2)-dimensional superspace. Phys. Rev. B 56, 13757–13767 (1997).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Park, J. W., Cho, G. Y., Lee, J. & Yeom, H. W. Emergent honeycomb network of topological excitations in correlated charge density wave. Nat. Commun. 10, 4038 (2019).

Article  Google Scholar 

Catalan, G., Seidel, J., Ramesh, R. & Scott, J. F. Domain wall nanoelectronics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 119–156 (2012).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dawber, M., Rabe, K. M. & Scott, J. F. Physics of thin-film ferroelectric oxides. Rev. Mod. Phys. 77, 1083–1130 (2005).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

McGilly, L. J., Yudin, P., Feigl, L., Tagantsev, A. K. & Setter, N. Controlling domain wall motion in ferroelectric thin films. Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 145–150 (2015).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cho, D. et al. Correlated electronic states at domain walls of a Mott-charge-density-wave insulator 1T-TaS₂. Nat. Commun. 8, 392 (2017).

Article  Google Scholar 

Skolimowski, J., Gerasimenko, Y. & Žitko, R. Mottness collapse without metallization in the domain wall of the triangular-lattice Mott insulator 1T-TaS₂. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 036802 (2019).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Park, J. W., Lee, J. & Yeom, H. W. Zoology of domain walls in quasi-2D correlated charge density wave of 1T-TaS₂. npj Quant. Mater. 6, 32 (2021).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ritschel, T. et al. Orbital textures and charge density waves in transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat. Phys. 11, 328–331 (2015).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lee, S.-H., Goh, J. S. & Cho, D. Origin of the insulating phase and first-order metal–insulator transition in 1T-TaS₂. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 106404 (2019).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Butler, C. J., Yoshida, M., Hanaguri, T. & Iwasa, Y. Mottness versus unit-cell doubling as the driver of the insulating state in 1T-TaS₂. Nat. Commun. 11, 2477 (2020).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kresse, G. & Furthmüller, J. Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set. Phys. Rev. B 54, 11169–11186 (1996).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Perdew, J. P., Burke, K. & Ernzerhof, M. Generalized gradient approximation made simple. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865–3868 (1996).

Article  CAS  Google Scholar