The Deputy Governor of the Bank of England for Financial Stability Sir Jon Cunliffe explored how the central bank is looking to secure the UK’s economic future and whether digital currencies and assets are the answer at Innovate Finance Global Summit, held at Guildhall in London.
Sir Cunliffe highlighted that although central bankers are tasked with “forecasting the economic future,” it is not “an easy task.” Further, when attempting to maintain financial stability, central banks must be “forward looking” because as Sir Cunliffe explained, “while we cannot be certain how new technologies and social and economic trends will play out, we need to have though through in advance how the risks might need to be managed and, where the likelihood of major change is high, have the regulatory frameworks and powers in place.”
In addition to this, “we want competition and innovation in financial services.” It is evident that society is gradually moving away from publically-issued, Bank of England, physical money and towards electronic money issued by private sector banks. This is due to the digitalisation of everyday life, the implementation of Pay.UK’s New Payments Architecture, RTGS, High Value Payment System and the expansion of the open banking framework, as announced at IFGS, as well as the technologies that have been refined in the cryptocurrency world such as tokenisation, encryption, distribution, atomic settlement and smart contracts.
Sir Cunliffe a continuat să discută patru domenii în care acum este explorată tokenizarea banilor: monedele stabile utilizate pentru plăți, tokenizarea depozitelor bancare comerciale, activitatea Băncii Angliei privind emiterea unei lire digitale și activitatea Băncii de a asigura aceste noi forme. de bani sunt robuste și uniforme.
Stablecoins
While stablecoins offer the possibility of greater efficiency and functionality in payments, Sir Cunliffe stated that they “currently sit outside most of the regulated framework and it is extremely unlikely that any of the current offerings would meet the standards for robustness and uniformity we currently apply both to commercial bank money and to the existing payment systems that transfer commercial bank money between the parties to a transaction.”
The Financial Services and Markets Bill will give the Bank of England the power to regulate operators of systemic payment systems and systemic service providers using ‘digital settlement assets’, including stablecoins that are used, or are likely to be used, for payments, at systemic scale in the UK. It will also allow the FCA to regulate the issuance and custody of fiat-referenced stablecoins for conduct and market integrity. The central bank and the FCA will consult later this year on the regulatory frameworks applied to stablecoins.
Depozite bancare comerciale
UK banks and those in other regions have been investing in the development of tokenised deposits as settlement assets on new forms of ledger such as DLT. Sir Jon Cunliffe said that the “majority of this effort appears to have centred on wholesale as opposed to retail financial transactions, though there are signs that attention is now being given to tokenisation of retail deposits.”
He added: “An alternative to allowing tokenised deposits to circulate freely and be directly transferable would be to require transactions on new forms of ledger, for example transactions in smart contracts involving tokenised deposits, to be settled ultimately by the adjustment of bank ledgers as happens now. In other words a transfer of tokenised deposits on one set of ledgers would trigger the adjustment of individuals’ bank account balances and be settled by a transaction between the banks involved. In that case, deposit money issued by a bank could only ever be held in an account at that bank.
“It is important that as we develop the regime for payment stablecoins, we also develop the approach for tokenised bank deposits. This will allow, banks and non-banks alike, that want to develop payment solutions using new technologies to understand clearly what is possible and what is required in the respective regulatory regimes. The PRA intends to set out its approach in this area alongside the Bank’s consultation on the payment stablecoin regime.”
Liră digitală
Banca Angliei și HM Treasury au publicat un document de consultare în februarie 2023 privind lira digitală – o monedă digitală sterlină care va fi emisă de Banca Angliei pentru uz general în retail. Sir Cunliffe a afirmat că nu a fost luată nicio decizie de implementare a Lirei Digitale, dar evaluarea Băncii și a Trezoreriei este că este probabil să fie necesară dacă tendințele actuale în plăți și bani continuă.
“The Bank and Treasury consultation paper proposes a ‘platform’ model of the Digital Pound in which the Bank would provide the digital settlement and central transfer mechanism and the private sector would provide the wallets and consumer facing payment services. The Digital Pound would therefore be available to a wide variety of private sector innovators who wished to develop tokenised payment related services but do not wish or are not able to issue their own tokenised settlement asset.”
Further, “the Bill now in Parliament will enable us, with the FCA, to set up a sandbox in which developers can explore ideas like collapsing trading and settlement into an instantaneous smart contract.”
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