苏格兰步葡萄牙后尘，呼吁所有毒品非刑罪化——禁毒战争失败

上周， 苏格兰政府呼吁将持有少量毒品合法化 此举旨在解决该国因服药过量死亡人数惊人的问题，该国是欧洲最高的国家之一。在主张独立的苏格兰民族党领导下的爱丁堡半自治政府在一项政策提案中表示，取消对持有毒品的刑事处罚将有助于实施安全且基于证据的减害服务。

During a press conference, Scottish drugs minister Elena Whitham, alongside drug policy reform advocates Helen Clark, the former Prime Minister of New Zealand, and Ruth Dreifuss, the former President of Switzerland, expressed their belief that the “war on drugs” had proven unsuccessful. Whitham emphasised that the current drug legislation not only fails to deter drug use, prevent associated harm, and ultimately save lives, but it also exacerbates the negative consequences experienced by individuals. Criminalisation contributes to fatalities and intensifies the harm caused by drug use.

Scotland’s Urgent Call for Drug Decriminalization Amidst Overwhelming Overdose Crisis

苏格兰目前面临毁灭性的药物过量危机，死亡率是英国其他地区的三倍，也是西欧最高的。美联社援引政府数据显示，去年，人口仅有5.5万的苏格兰发生了1,330起因吸毒过量致死的事件。

针对这一令人震惊的情况，苏格兰政府上周五发布了一份政策文件，对每一起与毒品相关的死亡事件所影响的家庭和社区表示深切的同情。他们承认迫切需要采取综合措施，并强调采取激进的公共卫生方法应对毒品紧急情况的一贯立场。

Drawing inspiration from Portugal’s drug policy2001年，苏格兰政府提出了类似的非刑事化战略，以健康为导向的改革取代了刑事处罚。他们相信这样的计划将消除寻求治疗和支持的恐惧，从而减少与毒品相关的伤害并最终改善生活。

此外，政府打算倡导建立受监督的药物消费场所，事实证明，这些场所可以挽救生命，并鼓励那些与药物滥用作斗争的个人寻求帮助。他们还提出了引入受监管的药品供应以确保一致性和安全性的想法。

苏格兰毒品部长埃琳娜·惠瑟姆强调了彻底改变毒品政策的紧迫性，并对合成阿片类药物和新型街头苯二氮卓类药物日益流行表示担忧。她强调，如果没有适当的 21 世纪禁毒法，苏格兰将无法做好应对潜在后果的准备。

Whitham’s apprehension stemmed from the belief that the situation would only worsen unless significant changes were made. The Scottish government aims to confront the crisis head-on by adopting innovative drug policy approaches, ensuring their citizens’ well-being and preventing further harm.

英国政府坚决反对毒品非刑罪化

然而，苏格兰和国家政府的保守派人士 英国反对毒品非刑罪化提案。在苏格兰，现行政策允许被发现持有毒品的个人收到警方警告，但完全非刑事化需要得到伦敦保守派政府的批准。总理里希·苏纳克 (Rishi Sunak) 的发言人马克斯·布莱恩 (Max Blain) 表示，不会获得此类批准。

Blain asserted, “There are no intentions to modify our firm stance on drugs.” The U.K. Home Office echoed this sentiment in a statement following Scotland’s decriminalization plan, emphasising their commitment to preventing drug use through treatment and recovery support, as well as addressing the supply of illegal drugs as outlined in their 10-year drugs strategy. They firmly stated that there were no plans to decriminalize drugs due to the associated harms, including the risks posed by organised criminals who exploit and engage in violence to further their illicit businesses.

Russell Findlay, the justice spokesperson for the Scottish Conservative Party, criticised the decriminalization proposal, describing it as “madness” to address Scotland’s drug death crisis, the most severe in Europe, by effectively legalising class-A drugs such as heroin and crack. Findlay expressed concern that such a move would increase drug availability on the streets, ultimately jeopardising more lives.

评估毒品非刑事化的影响

苏格兰毒品非刑罪化的提议引发了专家、政策制定者和公众之间激烈且两极分化的争论。在双方激烈争论的情况下，这种政策变化的潜在影响正在得到仔细审查和评估。

毒品非刑事化支持者为他们的立场提出了强有力的理由。他们认为，取消对持有毒品的刑事制裁将消除使人们无法获得所需护理的耻辱和障碍。支持者认为，非刑事化将导致更好地获得支持和治疗计划，减少与毒品相关的伤害并促进公共卫生。此外，他们认为这一变化将使执法部门能够集中精力打击复杂的贩毒活动并颠覆有组织的犯罪网络。

然而，反对者对毒品合法化的潜在风险提出了合理的担忧。他们表示 担心它可能会增加药物的供应和使用，可能会加剧现有的毒品危机。批评者担心，非刑事化可能会传递有关吸毒的误导信息，使药物滥用正常化，甚至鼓励滥用。此外，他们还对公共安全以及盗窃或暴力等毒品相关犯罪可能增加的担忧表示担忧。

对这些潜在后果的持续讨论和审查凸显了解决毒品危机的复杂性。它强调需要制定周密的战略，谨慎平衡公共卫生问题、社会问题以及对社会的更大影响。随着讨论的继续，有必要仔细权衡毒品非刑事化的潜在优点和缺点，以选择最明智和最成功的行动方案。

底线

The government’s plea for drug decriminalization in Scotland in an effort to tackle the devastating overdose crisis has ignited a heated debate. While proponents argue that decriminalization would promote public health and access to treatment, opponents express concerns about potential risks and the impact on public safety. The opposing views of the Scottish and UK conservative governments highlight the complexity of addressing the drug crisis. As the discussions continue, finding a balanced and effective solution that prioritises the well-being of individuals remains a crucial challenge.

SCOTLAND’S MOVE TO LEGALIZE, READ ON…

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• Sumber: http://cannabis.net/blog/news/scotland-to-go-the-way-of-portugal-and-calls-for-the-decriminalization-of-all-drugs-the-war-on