Czynniki do obrazowania oświetlają jednocześnie dwa biomarkery nowotworowe, aby uzyskać pełniejszy obraz guza

05 czerwca 2023 (Wiadomości Nanowerk) Chirurdzy onkolodzy będą mogli wkrótce uzyskać pełniejszy obraz nowotworów podczas operacji dzięki nowym środkom obrazowania, które mogą oświetlać wiele biomarkerów jednocześnie, podają badacze z Uniwersytetu Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Fluorescencyjne nanocząsteczki owinięte w błony czerwonych krwinek skuteczniej celują w nowotwory niż obecne klinicznie zatwierdzone barwniki i mogą emitować dwa różne sygnały w odpowiedzi na tylko jedną wiązkę światła chirurgicznego, co może pomóc lekarzom w rozróżnieniu granic guza i identyfikacji nowotworów z przerzutami . Środki obrazujące można łączyć z kamerami inspirowanymi biologią, które naukowcy opracowali wcześniej do diagnozowania w czasie rzeczywistym podczas operacji, powiedział lider grupy badawczej Viktor Gruev, profesor inżynierii elektrycznej i komputerowej w Illinois. W nowym badaniu opublikowanym w czasopiśmie ACS Nano ("Cell-membrane coated nanoparticles for tumor delineation and qualitative estimation of cancer biomarkers at single wavelength excitation in murine and phantom models") badacze zademonstrowali nowe nanocząstki o podwójnym sygnale w fantomach nowotworów – modelach 3D naśladujących cechy nowotworów i ich otoczenia – oraz na żywych myszach. Researcher Indrajit Srivastava holds solutions of nanoparticles that can target two cancer biomarkers, giving off two distinct signals when lit by one fluorescent wavelength. This could give surgeons a more complete picture of a tumor and guide operating-room decisions. In the background is a microscopic scan of a tissue sample. (Image: Fred Zwicky) “If you want to find all the cancer, imaging one biomarker is not enough. It could miss some tumors. If you introduce a second or a third biomarker, the likelihood of removing all cancer cells increases, and the likelihood of a better outcome for the patients increases.” said Gruev, who also is a professor in the Carle Illinois College of Medicine. “Multiple-targeted drugs and imaging agents are a recent trend, and our group is driving the trend hard because we have the camera technology that can image multiple signals at once.” Traditionally, a surgeon removes a tumor and sends it to a pathologist for assessment, a process that can take hours to days, said Illinois postdoctoral researcher Indrajit Srivastava, the first author of the paper. As research has moved toward real-time diagnostics, several challenges have prevented wide application: Many tumor-targeted imaging agents only minimally reach their tumor targets, instead being quickly cleared from the blood stream and accumulating in the liver, Srivastava said. “A few people before us have used nanoparticles coated with red blood cells and found they circulate longer – a few days. We saw the same thing in our mice: The membrane-coated nanoparticles circulated longer in blood, with reduced uptake in the liver. Because they were circulating longer, more of the imaging agents accumulated in the tumors, giving us a stronger fluorescent signal,” Srivastava said. An artist’s rendering of membrane-wrapped nanoparticles binding to markers on a cancer cell and emitting colored light. The two biomarkers targeted by the new imaging agents include one that is prevalent in early cancer and one that is prevalent in late-stage cancer, which is more likely to be metastatic. The researchers found that the probes were effective at distinguishing cancerous tissue from healthy tissue, as well as distinguishing the two signals from each other. “This is appealing for surgical application, as it could help determine where exactly to make the cut. Having multiple signals gives a more overall picture of the tumor. And it could tell a surgeon, ‘This may be metastatic, you may want to be more aggressive in your removal.’” Srivastava said. Only needing one wavelength of laser light to elicit multiple signals is another benefit for surgical applications, as it makes the instrumentation much more compact than those requiring multiple lasers for each needed wavelength, Gruev said. The researchers plan to develop more tumor-imaging agents that target multiple markers, and to move forward with further preclinical and clinical studies using their dual-signal dyes with surgical goggles they have developed. “In this battle for ensuring we remove all the cancer cells during surgery, we need investments both in the imaging camera technology and in the tumor targeting agents,” Gruev said.

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