Töötajad võivad Bideni plaani alusel saada 12 nädalat tasustatud puhkust. Siin on üksikasjad

See oleks USA sotsiaalkaitsevõrgu üks suuremaid laiendusi aastakümnete jooksul – uus föderaalne tasustatud puhkusepoliitika kõigile töötajatele.

That’s what President Joe Biden is expected to propose on Wednesday night when he rolls out his 1.8 triljoni dollari kulutuste ja maksukrediidi plaan to remake the country’s economy after a devastating year.

Riiklik tasustatud pere- ja arstipuhkuse programm läheks kümne aasta jooksul maksma umbes 225 miljardit dollarit ning Valge Maja sõnul maksaks selle eest peamiselt jõukate maksude tõstmine.

Within 10 years, Biden’s plan would guarantee workers 12 weeks of paid leave, which they could use “to bond with a new child, care for a seriously ill loved one, deal with a loved one’s military deployment, find safety from sexual assault, stalking, or domestic violence, heal from their own serious illness or take time to deal with the death of a loved one,” according to an outline released by the White House.

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Workers could get up to $4,000 a month during their leave, with at least two-thirds of their average weekly wages replaced. The lowest-wage workers would get 80% of their prior earnings. Biden’s plan would also give workers three days of bereavement leave per year, starting in year one. Grief has been a major theme of Biden’s presidency, with him speaking often about losing his son Beau to brain cancer at 46.

President kutsub kongressi ka üles võtma vastu seaduseelnõu, mis kohustaks tööandjaid andma töötajatele seitse tasustatud haiguspäeva aastas.

Praegu peavad ettevõtted, kus töötab 50 või enam töötajat, andma kuni 12 nädalat tasustamata puhkust. 1993. aasta pere- ja arstipuhkuse seadus. Aga USA on üks ainsatest countries that doesn’t guarantee workers paid time off when they’re having a new child or dealing with an illness.

Jaapanis ja Norras saavad uued vanemad more than a year’s worth of paid leave.

Why is the U.S. different than other countries? “We have historically had low taxes and a skimpy safety net,” Brookings Institution senior fellow Isabel Sawhill ütles.

For the same reason — opposition by businesses — the U.S. doesn’t have universal health care, City University of New York sociologist professor and labor expert Ruth Milkman ütles.

“They are allergic to any government intervention in the labor market,” Milkman said.

Valdav enamus Ameerika valijatest — ümber 80% — toetada riikliku tasustatud puhkuseprogrammi ideed.

But while Americans want access to paid family and medical leave, “a government program isn’t the solution,” according to The Heritage Foundation research fellow Rachel Greszler.

“Most would much rather receive flexible and accommodating policies through their employers than to have to deal with government bureaucrats and the constraints of a one-size-fits-all government program,” Greszler said.

Föderaalse tasustatud puhkusepoliitika puudumisel mõned osariigid - sealhulgas California, New Jersey ja Rhode Island - on loonud oma programmid, et hüvitada töötajatele, kes võtavad puhkuse.

But with most workers at the mercy of their employer’s policy, fewer than üks viiest on juurdepääs tasulisele pere- või lapsehoolduspuhkusele. Samal ajal pakutakse tasulist ravipuhkust vähem kui pooltele. Värviliste ja madala sissetulekuga töötajate seas on juurdepääs veelgi haruldasem.

“Too many people have been forced to make an impossible choice between the income they need and the families they love because they have no paid leave,” said Ruth Martin, mittetulundusühingu MomsRising vanem asepresident.

“It’s become an even more devastating problem during the pandemic, which has sickened millions, pushed hospitalizations to unprecedented levels and forced even more people to take time off to care for relatives with Covid-19,” Martin said.

Ühe hinnangu järgi, kaotab tüüpiline tööealine täiskasvanu pärast 9,500-nädalast palgata puhkust rohkem kui 12 dollarit.

Riiklikku tasustatud puhkuseprogrammi rahastatakse tõenäoliselt palgafondimaksudest, sarnaselt töötussüsteemi rahastamisega, ütles Sawhill Brookingsi institutsioonist.

Oma poliitika kujundamisel peaks föderaalvalitsus võtma õppetunde osariikidelt, mis pakuvad tasulist puhkust, ütles Wideneri ülikooli professor Linda Houser ütles.

“One of the many intriguing elements about the state paid leave laws is how they are paid for,” Houser said. “Most of them are funded primarily through employee premiums.

“In some cases, both employees and employers contribute,” she added. “As with other social insurance programs in the United States and elsewhere, the idea is that everyone pays in.”

Another feature of the state programs that the federal government should study is how they’ve found a way to include the growing ranks of freelancers, gig-workers and self-employed people, Milkman said.

“It’s quite inexpensive, so self-employed and gig workers opt-in by just paying the tax, just as some do with Social Security,” Milkman said. “In these programs, it’s an insurance model.

“If you pay the tax, you can make a claim if a covered event, like a new baby, occurs.”

Kuigi teatud tasustatud puhkusepoliitika on vabariiklaste toetus, they oppose Biden’s plan to raise taxes to fund the program. That could make passage of such legislation difficult, though Demokraadid võiksid ka kasutada the,en eelarve kooskõlastamine tasulise puhkuse kehtestamise protsess.

See tee võimaldab neil õigusakte vastu võtta lihthäälteenamusega, mis on neil kõik. Tänu senati protseduurireeglitele peavad muud seaduseelnõud tavaliselt koguma 60 häält. Järgmine eelarve kooskõlastamise protsess toimub tõenäoliselt sügisel.

“Paid leave certainly has budget implications so it can go through the reconciliation process,” Martin said.

Has a lack of paid family or medical leave adversely impacted you? If you’re willing to share your experience for an upcoming article, please email me at annie.nova@nbcuni.com